Quercetina Melhora o Perfil Lipídico e Apolipoproteico em Ratos Tratados com Glicocorticóides em Altas Doses / Quercetin Ameliorates Lipid and Apolipoprotein Profile in High-Dose Glucocorticoid Treated Rats

Resumo Fundamento Os glicocorticóides (GCs) são amplamente prescritos para o tratamento de numerosos distúrbios clínicos devido às suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias e imunomoduladoras, e um dos efeitos indesejáveis mais comuns desses medicamentos é a dislipidemia. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da quercetina, um flavonoide derivado de plantas, no perfil lipídico de ratos tratados com glicocorticóides em altas doses. Métodos Um total de 32 ratos Sprague-Dawley foram distribuídos aleatoriamente entre quatro grupos (8 ratos por grupo) e tratados por 6 semanas com uma das seguintes opções : (i) solução salina normal; (ii) 40 mg/kg de succinato sódico de metilprednisolona (MP); (iii) MP + 50 mg/kg de quercetina; (iv) MP + 150 mg/kg de quercetina. O MP foi injetado por via subcutânea e a quercetina foi administrada por gavagem oral 3 dias por semana. No final do estudo, o perfil lipídico dos animais foi medido através de kits enzimáticos. Os dados foram analisados e a significância estatística foi estabelecida em p <0,05. Resultados Os níveis séricos médios de colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG) e LDL aumentaram drasticamente em animais tratados com GC em comparação com o grupo controle. Ambas as doses de quercetina (50 e 150 mg/kg) melhoraram o CT (43% e 45%), LDL (56% e 56%) e TG (46% e 55%, respectivamente). A razão Apo B/A1 diminuiu mais de 20% após a ingestão de Anti-Inflamatory Agents. Conclusões Esses dados sugerem que a ingestão de quercetina Quercetin; induzida por glicocorticóides. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):102-108)

Abstract Background Glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of numerous clinical disorders due to their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory properties and one of the most common untoward effects of these drugs is dyslipidemia. Objective To evaluate the effect of quercetin, a plant-derived flavonoid, on the lipid profile of high-dose glucocorticoid treated rats. Methods A total of 32 Sprague-Dawley rats, were randomly distributed among four groups (8 rats per group) and treated for 6 weeks with one of the following: (i) normal saline; (ii) 40 mg/kg methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MP); (iii) MP + 50 mg/kg quercetin; (iv) MP + 150 mg/kg quercetin. MP was injected subcutaneously, and quercetin was administered by oral gavage 3 days a week. At the end of the study, the animals' lipid profile was measured by enzymatic kits. Data were analyzed and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The mean serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and LDL levels were drastically increased in GC-treated animals compared with the control group. Both doses of quercetin (50 and 150 mg/kg) ameliorated TC (43% and 45%), LDL (56% and 56%) and TG (46% and 55% respectively). Apo B/A1 ratio decreased more than 20% following quercetin intake and the decline in TC/HDL, TG/HL, LDL/HDL ratios were significant. Conclusions These data suggest that quercetin intake with both doses of 50 and 150 mg/kg could be considered as a protective agent for glucocorticoid-induced dyslipidemia. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(1):102-108.)

Effects of supplementation with omega-3 on insulin sensitivity and non-esterified free fatty acid (NEFA) in type 2 diabetic patients / Efeito da suplementação com ômega-3 sobre a sensibilidade à insulina e aos ácidos graxos livres não esterificados (AGNE) em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the role of omega-3 supplementation on NEFA concentration, insulin sensitivity and resistance, and glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients. Subjects and methods: Forty-four type 2 diabetic patients were randomly recruited into two groups. Group A received 4 g/day omega-3 soft gels, and group B received a placebo for 10 wks. Blood samples were collected after 12-h fast. Physical activity records, three-day food records, and anthropometric measurements were obtained from all participants at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Omega-3 supplementation caused a significant reduction in NEFA in the intervention group compared with the placebo group (P = 0.009). Additionally, the administration of omega-3 resulted in significantly greater changes (Diff) for the intervention group in various parameters, such as insulin and Quicki indices compared with the placebo group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients improved insulin sensitivity, probably due to the decrease in NEFA concentrations. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(4):335-40 .

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o papel da suplementação com ácidos graxos ômega-3 sobre a concentração de ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), resistência e sensibilidade à insulina e metabolismo de lipídios em pacientes com diabetes melito tipo 2. Sujeitos e métodos: Quarenta e quatro pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 foram recrutados aleatoriamente e alocados em um de dois grupos. O Grupo A recebeu 4 g/dia de ômega-3 na forma de cápsulas gelatinosas e o grupo B recebeu placebo durante 10 semanas. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas após 12 horas de jejum. Registros da atividade física, da dieta de três dias e medidas antropométricas foram obtidos de todos os participantes no início e no final do estudo. Resultados: A suplementação com ômega-3 causou uma redução significativa na AGNE em comparação com grupo placebo (P = 0,008). Além disso, a administração de ômega-3 resultou em alterações significativamente maiores (Dif) em vários parâmetros, tais como a insulina, HOMA-IR e QUICKI, comparando com placebo (P < 0,05). Conclusões: A suplementação com ácidos graxos ômega-3 em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 melhorou a sensibilidade à insulina, provavelmente devido à diminuição da concentração de AGNE. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(4):335-40 .

Relationship between blood donors' iron status and their age, body mass index and donation frequency / Relacao entre os niveis de ferro de doares de sangue e idade, indice de massa corporal e frequencia de doacao

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Regular blood donation may decrease body iron storage and lead to anemia. The aim here was to evaluate the iron status of Iranian male blood donors and the impact of age, body mass index (BMI) and donation frequency over one year, on iron status indices. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study at Tehran Blood Transfusion Center, Tehran, Iran. METHODS: Between July and September 2011, 117 male blood donors were selected and divided into four groups according to their frequency of blood donation. Thirty male non-donors were also recruited as controls after adjusting for age, weight, height, smoking habits and monthly income. Iron status indices and some criteria such as general health and dietary measurements were determined among all subjects. RESULTS: The values of the iron-related parameters were significantly lower among donors than among non-donors. Only total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was found to be significantly higher among different donor groups than in the controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between age and serum ferritin (SF) only among the donors who had donated once within the preceding year. The iron status indices did not show any significant relationship with BMI among donors or non-donors. CONCLUSION: A donation frequency of more than twice a year had a significant influence on iron-related parameters. Therefore, without annual measurement of these parameters, further phlebotomies may lead to iron deficiency and donor rejection in the future. .

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Doação de sangue regular pode diminuir o armazenamento de ferro no organismo, conduzindo à anemia. O objetivo foi avaliar o estado de ferro de iranianos doadores de sangue do sexo masculino e o impacto da idade, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e frequência da doação ao longo de um ano sobre os índices do estado de ferro. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico no Centro de Transfusão de Sangue de Teerã. MÉTODOS: Entre julho e setembro de 2011, foram selecionados 117 homens doadores de sangue, divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com a frequência de doação. Trinta homens não doadores foram também recrutados como controles, após ajustes para idade, peso, altura, tabagismo e renda mensal. Índices do estado de ferro, bem como alguns critérios como a saúde geral e medidas dietéticas, foram determinados entre todos os indivíduos. RESULTADOS: Os valores dos parâmetros relacionados ao ferro foram significativamente mais baixos entre os doadores em comparação aos não doadores. Somente capacidade de ligação de ferro total foi significativamente maior entre os diferentes grupos de doadores em comparação com os controles. Correlação positiva significante entre idade e ferretina sérica foi observada somente nos que tinham doado uma vez no ano anterior. Os índices do estado do ferro não mostraram relação significativa com o IMC entre doadores e não doadores. CONCLUSÃO: A frequência de doação de mais de duas vezes por ano teve influência significativa nos parâmetros relacionados ao ferro. Assim, sem medidas anuais desses parâmetros, flebotomias adicionais podem levar a deficiência de ferro e rejeição de doadores no futuro. .

Serum IgG levels to bovine insulin in type I diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine humoral immune response to bovine insulin in Iranian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Serum samples were taken from 93 children aged 4-17 years with type I diabetes mellitus from two centers in Iran (the Iranian Association of Diabetes in Tehran and Center for Diabetes Research in Hamedan), 17 apparently healthy siblings of the diabetic patients (related controls), 28 apparently healthy age- and sex- matched controls (unrelated controls), 14 patients aged 11-15 years with auto-immune thyroiditis, and 45 patients with type II diabetes (aged 44-68 years). Samples were then examined for specific IgG to bovine insulin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A questionnaire on medical history, duration of exclusive and non-exclusive breast feeding and daily intake of dairy products was completed before bleeding. RESULTS: Duration of exclusive and non-exclusive breast-feeding showed no significant difference between patients with type I diabetes, related and unrelated controls and thyroid patients. Diabetic children, however, had significantly higher serum levels of anti-bovine insulin IgG than did unrelated and related healthy controls and patients with type II diabetes (P< 0.01). There was no significant difference between healthy siblings of diabetic children and unrelated controls. In type I diabetic patients and their healthy siblings, serum levels of IgG to bovine insulin were inversely correlated with the duration of non-exclusive breast feeding (rs= -0.37, P= 0.016 and rs= -0.53, P= 0.049, respectively). There was no correlation between serum levels of IgG to bovine insulin with daily intake of dairy products. Bovine insulin cross-reacted with human insulin as judged by ELISA inhibition assay. CONCLUSION: The emergence of anti-insulin antibodies in Iranian patients with type I DM, which is associated with the duration of breast-feeding is less likely to be due to early exposure of infants with the proteins found in cow's milk. One speculation could be that the production of antibodies to insulin in type I diabetes may just be a physiologic response (probably to increase the half-life of the circulating insulin). The importance of anti-insulin antibodies in type I diabetes mellitus needs further studies.